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Théoriquement tout anévrisme de l'aorte abdominal présente un risque de rupture. Ce risque est plus faible pour les petits anévrismes. Plusieurs études concluent à l’absence d’utilité d’opérer les anévrismes inférieurs à 5 ou 5,5 cm, . Néanmoins, dans cette étude anglaise, la plupart des patients qui n’étaient pas opérés initialement (surveillance simple) finissaient par être opérés dans pratiquement 70% des cas car la taille de leur anévrisme avait progressé et dépassé 55mm.
Le diamètre moyen des anévrismes rompus est de 8 cm mais 4,5% des anévrismes rompus ont un diamètre inférieur à 5 cm ce qui peut parfaitement justifier le fait d’opérer, selon les cas, de petits anévrismes.
Il apparaît logique de proposer une surveillance régulière par écho-doppler ou scanner abdominal pour les petits anévrismes dont le diamètre est inférieur à 5cm en prévenant le patient que le risque de rupture n’est pas nul et qu’il doit consulter en cas de douleurs abdominales. Dans tous les cas le chirurgiens vasculaire prendra en compte l'état générale du patient, ses maladies associées et choisira avec lui la meilleur technique.
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scanner en 3D Anevrysme de l'aorte sous-rénale
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